Metal Density Chart: g/cm³ Table for 100+ Metals & Alloys
Please find below a complete list of densities for pure metallic elements and widely used metal alloys at or near room temperature (~20°C).
📊 100+ Materials ⚙️ g/cm³ & kg/m³ ✅ Pure Metals + Alloys 🏭 By Baosheng Factory Engineers
Metal Density Chart — Top 14 Engineering Metals
Most engineers only need a handful of metals. Here’s the short list — density, weight class, and where each material actually gets used on the production floor.
| Metal / Alloy | Density (g/cm³) | Density (kg/m³) | Weight Class | Typical Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magnesium AZ91D | 1.82 | 1,820 | Ultra-Light | EV housings, aerospace brackets |
| Aluminum 6061-T6 | 2.70 | 2,700 | Light | General CNC parts, enclosures |
| Aluminum 7075-T6 | 2.81 | 2,810 | Light | Aerospace, high-stress structures |
| Titanium Grade 2 (CP) | 4.51 | 4,510 | Medium | Medical implants, chemical equipment |
| Titanium Ti-6Al-4V (Gr5) | 4.43 | 4,430 | Medium | Aerospace, medical, motorsport |
| Carbon Steel (AISI 1018) | 7.87 | 7,870 | Heavy | Structural, shafts, gears |
| Alloy Steel 4140 | 7.85 | 7,850 | Heavy | Tooling, high-stress components |
| Stainless Steel 304 | 8.00 | 8,000 | Heavy | Food, medical, general industrial |
| Stainless Steel 316L | 8.00 | 8,000 | Heavy | Marine, medical, chemical |
| Brass C36000 | 8.50 | 8,500 | Heavy | Valves, fittings, precision parts |
| Copper C11000 | 8.94 | 8,940 | Heavy | Electrical bus bars, heat sinks |
| Inconel 625 | 8.44 | 8,440 | Heavy | Jet engines, offshore, marine |
| Lead (Pb) | 11.34 | 11,340 | Ultra-Heavy | Radiation shielding, ballast |
| Tungsten (W) | 19.25 | 19,250 | Ultra-Heavy | Counterweights, armor, X-ray shielding |
Note: All densities measured at room temperature (~20°C / 68°F) and standard atmospheric pressure. Alloy density varies with specific grade and heat treatment. Values represent nominal/typical figures used in engineering design.
Metal Density by Weight Class — 5 Engineering Tiers
Every material selection decision starts with weight class. These five tiers cover every practical application in CNC machining, die casting, and sheet metal fabrication.
< 2.0 g/cm³
→ Maximum weight savings; EV, aerospace
2.0 – 4.5 g/cm³
→ Most CNC machining applications
4.5 – 7.0 g/cm³
→ Strength-to-weight critical parts
7.0 – 10.0 g/cm³
→ Structural, corrosion-resistant, electrical
> 10.0 g/cm³
→ Shielding, counterweights, precision ballast
Density of Common Metals — Pure Elements
Complete density table for metals (pure elements) at room temperature (~20°C). Sorted by density from lightest to densest.
| Element | Symbol | Density (g/cm³) | Density (kg/m³) | Weight Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithium | Li | 0.534 | 534 | Ultra-Light |
| Potassium | K | 0.890 | 890 | Ultra-Light |
| Sodium | Na | 0.968 | 968 | Ultra-Light |
| Magnesium | Mg | 1.738 | 1,738 | Ultra-Light |
| Beryllium | Be | 1.850 | 1,850 | Ultra-Light |
| Aluminum | Al | 2.700 | 2,700 | Light |
| Scandium | Sc | 2.985 | 2,985 | Light |
| Calcium | Ca | 1.550 | 1,550 | Ultra-Light |
| Titanium | Ti | 4.506 | 4,506 | Medium |
| Vanadium | V | 6.110 | 6,110 | Medium |
| Chromium | Cr | 7.150 | 7,150 | Heavy |
| Zinc | Zn | 7.140 | 7,140 | Heavy |
| Manganese | Mn | 7.210 | 7,210 | Heavy |
| Iron | Fe | 7.860 | 7,860 | Heavy |
| Cobalt | Co | 8.900 | 8,900 | Heavy |
| Nickel | Ni | 8.908 | 8,908 | Heavy |
| Copper | Cu | 8.960 | 8,960 | Heavy |
| Zirconium | Zr | 6.520 | 6,520 | Medium |
| Molybdenum | Mo | 10.280 | 10,280 | Ultra-Heavy |
| Silver | Ag | 10.490 | 10,490 | Ultra-Heavy |
| Tin | Sn | 7.265 | 7,265 | Heavy |
| Tantalum | Ta | 16.690 | 16,690 | Ultra-Heavy |
| Tungsten | W | 19.250 | 19,250 | Ultra-Heavy |
| Rhenium | Re | 21.020 | 21,020 | Ultra-Heavy |
| Osmium | Os | 22.590 | 22,590 | Ultra-Heavy |
| Iridium | Ir | 22.400 | 22,400 | Ultra-Heavy |
| Platinum | Pt | 21.450 | 21,450 | Ultra-Heavy |
| Gold | Au | 19.320 | 19,320 | Ultra-Heavy |
| Lead | Pb | 11.340 | 11,340 | Ultra-Heavy |
| Bismuth | Bi | 9.800 | 9,800 | Heavy |
Metal Density Table — Industrial Alloys by Family
The alloy density you use for engineering calculations depends on grade and temper — not just the base element. Select a material family below.
Stainless Steel
| Grade | Type | Density (g/cm³) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| SS 304 / 304L | Austenitic | 8.00 | 8,000 |
| SS 316 / 316L | Austenitic | 8.00 | 8,000 |
| SS 303 | Austenitic (free-machining) | 7.87 | 7,870 |
| SS 301 | Austenitic | 7.87 | 7,870 |
| SS 310 | Austenitic (high-temp) | 7.99 | 7,990 |
| SS 321 | Austenitic (stabilized) | 7.93 | 7,930 |
| SS 347 | Austenitic | 7.93 | 7,930 |
| SS 904L | Super-Austenitic | 7.94 | 7,940 |
| 254 SMO | Super-Austenitic | 7.93 | 7,930 |
| SS 409 | Ferritic | 7.70 | 7,700 |
| SS 430 | Ferritic | 7.70 | 7,700 |
| SS 410 | Martensitic | 7.75 | 7,750 |
| SS 420 | Martensitic | 7.75 | 7,750 |
| SS 440C | Martensitic (high-carbon) | 7.75 | 7,750 |
| 2205 Duplex | Duplex | 7.80 | 7,800 |
| 2507 Super-Duplex | Super-Duplex | 7.85 | 7,850 |
| 17-4 PH | Precipitation-Hardened | 7.75 | 7,750 |
| 15-5 PH | Precipitation-Hardened | 7.75 | 7,750 |
Carbon & Tool Steel
| Grade / Alloy | Type | Density (g/cm³) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plain Carbon Steel | Carbon Steel | 7.85 | 7,850 |
| AISI 1018 | Low Carbon Steel | 7.87 | 7,870 |
| AISI 1045 | Medium Carbon Steel | 7.85 | 7,850 |
| AISI 4140 Chrome-Moly | Alloy Steel | 7.85 | 7,850 |
| AISI 4340 Ni-Cr Steel | Alloy Steel | 7.85 | 7,850 |
| Gray Cast Iron | Cast Iron | 6.85–7.75 | 6,850–7,750 |
| Ductile Iron | Cast Iron | 7.20–7.40 | 7,200–7,400 |
| D2 Tool Steel | Tool Steel | 7.68 | 7,680 |
| H13 Hot-Work Tool Steel | Tool Steel | 7.85 | 7,850 |
| M2 High-Speed Steel | HSS | 8.45 | 8,450 |
| Maraging Steel (18Ni-300) | Maraging | 8.00–8.10 | 8,000–8,100 |
Aluminum
| Alloy / Temper | Series | Density (g/cm³) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1100-O | 1xxx | 2.70 | 2,700 |
| 2014-T6 | 2xxx | 2.78 | 2,780 |
| 2024-T3 | 2xxx | 2.78 | 2,780 |
| 3003-H14 | 3xxx | 2.73 | 2,730 |
| 5052-H32 | 5xxx | 2.68 | 2,680 |
| 5083-O | 5xxx | 2.66 | 2,660 |
| 6061-T6 ⭐ | 6xxx | 2.70 | 2,700 |
| 6063-T6 | 6xxx | 2.70 | 2,700 |
| 6082-T6 | 6xxx | 2.70 | 2,700 |
| 7050-T7451 | 7xxx | 2.83 | 2,830 |
| 7075-T6 ⭐ | 7xxx | 2.81 | 2,810 |
| A356-T6 (Cast) | Cast | 2.67 | 2,670 |
| A380 (Die Cast) | Cast | 2.68 | 2,680 |
Copper & Brass
| Alloy | Category | Density (g/cm³) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| C11000 (ETP Copper) | Pure Copper | 8.96 | 8,960 |
| C14500 (Tellurium Cu) | Pure Copper | 8.95 | 8,950 |
| C23000 (Alpha Brass) | Brass | 8.50 | 8,500 |
| C26000 (Cartridge Brass) | Brass | 8.44 | 8,440 |
| C36000 (Free-Cutting Brass) | Brass | 8.50 | 8,500 |
| C46400 (Naval Brass) | Brass | 8.70 | 8,700 |
| C51000 (Phosphor Bronze) | Bronze | 8.80 | 8,800 |
| C95400 (Aluminum-Bronze) | Bronze | 8.80 | 8,800 |
| C17200 (Beryllium-Cu) | Specialty | 8.36 | 8,360 |
| CuNi 90/10 | Copper-Nickel | 8.88 | 8,880 |
| CuNi 70/30 | Copper-Nickel | 8.94 | 8,940 |
| Monel 400 | Cu-Ni Alloy | 8.83 | 8,830 |
Titanium
| Grade / Alloy | Type | Density (g/cm³) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ti Grade 1 (CP) | Unalloyed | 4.51 | 4,510 |
| Ti Grade 2 (CP) | Unalloyed | 4.51 | 4,510 |
| Ti Grade 4 (CP) | Unalloyed | 4.50 | 4,500 |
| Ti-6Al-4V Grade 5 ⭐ | Alpha-Beta | 4.43 | 4,430 |
| Ti-6Al-4V ELI Grade 23 | Alpha-Beta | 4.41 | 4,410 |
| Ti-3Al-2.5V Grade 9 | Alpha-Beta | 4.48 | 4,480 |
| Ti-5Al-2.5Sn | Alpha | 4.50 | 4,500 |
| Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al | Beta | 4.78 | 4,780 |
| Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al | Beta | 4.65 | 4,650 |
Nickel & Superalloys
| Alloy | Family | Density (g/cm³) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Inconel 625 | Nickel-based | 8.44 | 8,440 |
| Inconel 718 | Nickel-based | 8.19 | 8,190 |
| Incoloy 800 | Fe-Ni-Cr | 8.13 | 8,130 |
| Incoloy 825 | Fe-Ni-Cr | 8.17 | 8,170 |
| Hastelloy C-276 | Nickel-based | 8.90 | 8,900 |
| Hastelloy X | Nickel-based | 8.20 | 8,200 |
| Monel K-500 | Cu-Ni | 8.47 | 8,470 |
| Stellite 6 | Cobalt-based | 8.25 | 8,250 |
| MP35N | Co-Ni-Cr-Mo | 8.00 | 8,000 |
Magnesium & Zinc
| Alloy | Type | Density (g/cm³) | Density (kg/m³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| AZ31B | Magnesium | 1.78 | 1,780 |
| AZ61A | Magnesium | 1.80 | 1,800 |
| AZ91D | Magnesium (die cast) | 1.82 | 1,820 |
| WE43 | Magnesium (high-temp) | 1.84 | 1,840 |
| Zamak 3 | Zinc-Aluminum | 6.70 | 6,700 |
| Zamak 5 | Zinc-Aluminum | 6.60 | 6,600 |
| ZA-8 | Zinc-Aluminum | 6.30 | 6,300 |
| ZA-12 | Zinc-Aluminum | 6.00 | 6,000 |
| ZA-27 | Zinc-Aluminum | 5.00 | 5,000 |
| YG6 (Tungsten Carbide) | Cemented Carbide | 14.6–15.0 | 14,600–15,000 |
| Nitinol (NiTi SMA) | Shape-Memory | 6.45 | 6,450 |
Metal Density & Machining Cost — What Actually Drives Your Quote
Density doesn’t just tell you how heavy a part is. It’s the multiplier behind three major cost drivers that every procurement engineer needs to understand before signing off on a material.
Raw Material Cost
Metal is priced per kilogram. Density × part volume = mass. A titanium bracket three times denser than aluminum costs three times more in raw material — before a single tool touches it. Aluminum 6061 runs $2–3/kg. Ti-6Al-4V runs $30–45/kg. That gap compounds fast at volume.
Machining Time & Tool Wear
Denser metals are often harder and more abrasion-resistant. Titanium and Inconel require slower spindle speeds, higher coolant pressure, and more frequent tool changes. Compared to aluminum, titanium can add 40–70% to machining time. Inconel can take 3–5× longer. Both factors hit your per-part cost directly.
Shipping & Logistics
International freight is weight-based. Switching from aluminum (2.70 g/cm³) to stainless steel (8.00 g/cm³) for the same geometry means your part weighs roughly 3× more — and ships at roughly 3× the freight cost. On large production runs, this gap can exceed the cost of machining itself.
Material Selection Decision Table
Pick your engineering priority, then read across for the right material and the density reasoning behind it.
| Your Priority | Best Material | Density (g/cm³) | Why It Wins |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lightest possible part | Magnesium AZ91D | 1.82 | Lightest structural metal; 35% lighter than aluminum |
| Best strength-to-weight ratio | Titanium Ti-6Al-4V | 4.43 | Aerospace gold standard — half the weight of steel at equal strength |
| Lowest machining cost | Aluminum 6061-T6 | 2.70 | Fastest cutting speeds, lowest tool wear, lowest raw material cost |
| Corrosion resistance (general) | Stainless Steel 316L | 8.00 | Pitting-resistant in chloride environments; medical & marine standard |
| High-temperature performance | Inconel 625 | 8.44 | Retains strength to 980°C; oxidation-resistant at elevated temps |
| Maximum density / ballast | Tungsten W-Ni-Fe Alloy | 17.00 | Small volume, maximum mass — counterweights, radiation shielding |
| Electrical conductivity | Copper C11000 (ETP) | 8.96 | 99.9% pure copper; highest conductivity of any practical CNC metal |
| Precision die casting | Zamak 3 / Aluminum A380 | 6.70 / 2.68 | Zamak for fine detail; A380 where strength-to-weight matters more |
Supplier Insight · Baosheng Factory
We Machine Every Metal on This Chart
Knowing the density is step one. Getting the part machined to spec — at factory-direct price — is step two. Baosheng stocks 50+ metals and machines them daily across 582 CNC machines in Shenzhen. No broker. No markup. Free DFM on every order.
Aluminum 6061 / 7075Stainless 303 / 316LTitanium Gr2 / Gr5Brass C360Copper C11000Inconel 625 / 718Tool Steel D2 / H13Carbon Steel 4140AZ91D Magnesium/A380 Die Cast
FAQ
Metal Density — Common Engineering Questions
Answered by Baosheng’s material engineers based on daily production experience.
What metal has the highest density?
Osmium (Os) is the densest naturally occurring element at 22.59 g/cm³, followed by iridium at 22.40 g/cm³. In practical engineering applications, tungsten (19.25 g/cm³) is the densest material commonly machined — used for radiation shielding, counterweights, and kinetic energy penetrators.
What is the density of aluminum 6061?
Aluminum 6061-T6 has a density of 2.70 g/cm³ (2,700 kg/m³). This holds across all tempers of 6061 and is the most common value used in engineering calculations. 7075-T6 is slightly denser at 2.81 g/cm³.
What is the density of steel (carbon and stainless)?
Plain carbon steel typically sits at 7.85 g/cm³. Austenitic stainless steels (304, 316) run at 8.00 g/cm³ — slightly denser due to the nickel content. Ferritic grades (409, 430) are a bit lighter at 7.70 g/cm³. For most structural calculations, 7.85 g/cm³ is the standard engineering assumption for steel.
What is the density of titanium Ti-6Al-4V?
Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) has a density of 4.43 g/cm³ — about 40% lighter than steel and 38% heavier than aluminum. This is the most widely used titanium alloy in CNC machining, favored in aerospace, medical implants, and motorsport for its unmatched strength-to-weight ratio.
How does metal density affect CNC machining cost?
Three ways. First, raw material cost scales directly with mass (density × volume). Second, denser hard metals like titanium and Inconel require slower cutting speeds and wear out tools faster, adding to machining time. Third, heavier parts cost more to ship internationally. Aluminum’s low density (2.70 g/cm³) is a major reason it dominates CNC machining — it cuts fast, costs little in raw material, and ships light.
What is the lightest structural metal available for CNC machining?
Magnesium AZ91D at 1.82 g/cm³ is the lightest practical structural metal for CNC. It’s 35% lighter than aluminum and sees growing use in EV battery enclosures, aerospace brackets, and consumer electronics where every gram matters. Baosheng machines AZ91D regularly and can provide DFM guidance on wall thickness and corrosion protection.
Is density the same as specific gravity?
Numerically, yes — for most engineering purposes. Specific gravity is density relative to water (1.0 g/cm³). Since water is the reference, a metal with a density of 2.70 g/cm³ has a specific gravity of 2.70. The values are the same; only the context of measurement differs.
Can Baosheng machine multiple materials from this density chart?
Yes. Baosheng stocks and regularly machines aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, carbon steel, copper, brass, Inconel, and tool steels. Upload your CAD file, specify your material grade, and receive a DFM-reviewed quote within 24 hours — directly from the factory, not a broker.
Metal Density Chart — When to Use It & When You Need More
A density table gets you to the right material family fast. It tells you whether a part will hit your weight budget, whether the raw material cost is viable, and whether the shipping economics work for your production run.
What density data alone won’t tell you: machinability ratings, tensile and yield strength by grade, thermal expansion coefficients, or surface finish achievability. Those details live in material datasheets — and in the DFM feedback our engineers include free with every quote.
If you’ve found your material in this metal density chart and you’re ready to move from selection to production, the next step is simple. Upload your CAD file, pick your material grade, and let Baosheng’s factory engineers review it for manufacturability before quoting.